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Ball, J.S. (1978) Southern African Epiphytic Orchids. Conservation Press, Johannesburg.
Ball, J.S. (2009) Terrestrial African Orchids, A Selected Review.
Fibeck, W. & Dare, M. (1993) Terrestrial Orchids in Zimbabwe. Excelsa 16 47-71
La Croix, I. & Cribb, P.J. (1995) Orchidaceae (Part 1) Flora Zambesiaca 11(1)
La Croix, I. & Cribb, P.J. (1998) Orchidaceae (Part 2) Flora Zambesiaca 11(2)
La Croix, I. et al. (1991) Orchids of Malawi A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam
McMurtry, D., Grobler, L., Grobler, J. & Burns, S. (2008) Field Guide to the ORCHIDS of Northern South Africa and Swaziland Umdaus Press, PO Box 11059 Hatfield 0028 South Africa
Schelpe, E.A.C.L.E. (1976) A Provisional Checklist of the Orchidaceae of Mozambique South African Journal of Botany 42(4)
Perennial, terrestrial or epiphytic herbs with rhizomes, tubers or corms. Stems sometimes swollen at the base (pseudobulbs). Leaves alternate or rarely opposite (e.g. some spp. of Disperis), entire. Inflorescence a spike, raceme or panicle. Flowers bracteate, bisexual, zygomorphic, usually twisted through 180° (resupinate), occasionally not twisted or twisted through 360°. Perianth epigynous; perianth segments 6, usually free, arranged in 2 whorls; both whorls similar or outer whorl (sepals) calyx-like and inner whorl (petals) corolla-like or very reduced. Central segment of outer whorl (dorsal sepal) often different in shape and size to the lateral; central segment of inner whorl (lip or labellum) often lobed or spurred. Stamen 1, united with the style to form the column. Pollen aggregated into masses (pollinia). Ovary inferior, 1-locular. Stigmas 3, fertile or more usually 2 lateral fertile, the other an outgrowth (rostellum), lying between the anthers and the lateral stigmas. Part of the rostellum is often modified into sticky discs (viscidia) to which the pollinia are attached by 1-2 stalks (stipes). Whole structure of pollinia, stipes and viscidia form the pollinarium. Fruit a capsule, often longitudinally ribbed. Seeds minute, very numerous, without endosperm. Worldwide: 788 genera and 18,500 species, cosmopolitan. Burundi: 40 genera and 229 taxa. |
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| Genus | Content |
| Aerangis Rchb. f. | Description |
| Ancistrorhynchus Finet | Description |
| Angraecopsis Kraenzl. | Description |
| Angraecum Bory | Description |
| Ansellia Lindl. | Description |
| Auxopus Schltr. | |
| Bolusiella Schltr. | Description |
| Bonatea Willd. | Description |
| Brachycorythis Lindl. | Description |
| Bulbophyllum Thouars | Description |
| Calanthe R.Br. | Description |
| Calyptrochilum Kraenzl. | Description |
| Cheirostylis Blume | Description |
| Cynorkis Thouars | Description |
| Cyrtorchis Schltr. | Description |
| Diaphananthe Schltr. | Description |
| Disa P.J. Bergius | Description |
| Disperis Sw. | Description |
| Eggelingia Summerh. | Description |
| Epipactis Zinn. | Description |
| Eulophia Lindl. | Description |
| Graphorkis Thouars | Description |
| Habenaria Willd. | Description |
| Hetaeria Blume | |
| Kylicanthe Descourv., Stévart & Droissart | |
| Liparis Rich. | Description |
| Malaxis Sol. ex Sw. | Description |
| Microcoelia Lindl. | Description |
| Nephrangis Summerh. | Description |
| Nervilia Comm. ex Gaudich. | Description |
| Oeceoclades Lindl. | Description |
| Orthochilus Hochst. ex A. Rich. | |
| Platycoryne Rchb. f. | Description |
| Polystachya Hook. | Description |
| Rangaeris Summerh. | Description |
| Rhipidoglossum Schltr. | |
| Satyrium Sw. | Description |
| Summerhayesia P.J. Cribb | Description |
| Triceratorhynchus Summerh. | |
| Tridactyle Schltr. | Description |
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