Habenaria filicornis Lindl.

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Photo: Bart Wursten
Borrowdale Common

Photo: Bart Wursten
Msorodoni Farm

Photo: Bart Wursten
Besna Kobila Estate, Matobo Hills area.

Photo: Bart Wursten
Nyamuziwa Falls, Nyanga NP

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Synonyms:	Habenaria chlorotica Rchb. f. Habenaria filicornis Lindl. var. chlorotica (Rchb. f.) Geerinck Habenaria natalensis Rchb. f. & Warm. Habenaria wilmsiana Kraenzl.
Common names:
Frequency:
Status:	Native
Description:	Very slender terrestrial herb, 20 to 65 cm. Leaves scattered along the stem. Inflorescence up to 20 cm, few to many-flowered. Flowers green. Dorsal sepal erect, hooding the anthers, lateral sepals deflexed. Petals entire, pressed against the dorsal sepal. Lip three-lobed to the base, all lobes linear, the mid-lobe slightly longer and broader than the side lobes. Spur 2 to 3.5 cm long, straight or slightly curved.
Notes:
Derivation of specific name:
Habitat:	In grassland, both in drier parts of bog and on shallow gravely soil.
Altitude range:
Flowering time:	Dec - Apr
Worldwide distribution:	Throughout tropical Africa and South Africa.
Growth form(s):
Endemic status:
Red data list status:
Insects associated with this species:
Spot characters:	Display spot characters for this species
Literature:	Ball, J.S. (2009). Terrestrial African Orchids, A Selected Review. Pages 180 - 181. (Includes a picture). Burrows, J.E. & Willis, C.K. (eds) (2005). Plants of the Nyika Plateau Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 31 SABONET, Pretoria Page 325. Chapano, C. & Mamuto, M. (2003). Plants of the Chimanimani District National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Page 29. Chapano, C. & Mugarisanwa, N.H. (2003). Plants of the Matobo District National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Page 19. Fabian, A. & Germishuizen, G. (1997). Wild Flowers of Northern South Africa. Fernwood Press, Vlaeburg. Pages 100 - 101. as Habenaria chlorotica (Includes a picture). Fibeck, W. & Dare, M. (1993). Terrestrial Orchids in Zimbabwe. Excelsa 16 Page 63. Fischer, E., Killmann, D., Delepierre, G. & Lebel, J-P. (2010). The Orchids of Rwanda Koblenz Geographical Colloquia Series Biogeographical Monographs 2 Pages 242 - 243. (Includes a picture). Geerinck, D. (1982). Notes taxonomiques sur les Orchidacées d'Afrique centrale Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 52(1/2) Page 144. Grosvenor, R.K. (1976). A list of orchids indigenous in Rhodesia. Excelsa 6 Page 83. Johnson, S., Bytebier, B, & Stärker H. (2015). Orchids of South Africa, a Field Guide Struik Nature, Cape Town South Africa Pages 343 - 344. (Includes a picture). La Croix, I. & Cribb, P.J. (1995). Orchidaceae (Part 1) Flora Zambesiaca 11(1) Pages 66 - 67. (Includes a picture). La Croix, I. et al. (1991). Orchids of Malawi A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam Pages 52 - 54. (Includes a picture). La Croix, I.F. & La Croix T.M. (1983). Orchids of Bvumbwe The Society of Malawi Journal 36(2) Page 17. as Habenaria chlorotica Linder, H.P. & Kurzweil, H. (1999). Orchids of Southern Africa A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, the Netherlands ISBN 90-5410-445-7 Page 114. (Includes a picture). Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 96. McMurtry, D., Grobler, L., Grobler, J. & Burns, S. (2008). Field Guide to the ORCHIDS of Northern South Africa and Swaziland Umdaus Press, PO Box 11059 Hatfield 0028 South Africa Pages 98 - 99. (Includes a picture). Phiri, P.S.M. (2005). A Checklist of Zambian Vascular Plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 32 Page 121. Pooley, E. (1998). A Field Guide to the Wild Flowers of KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Region. Natal Flora Publications Trust. Durban. Pages 516 - 517. as Habenaria chlorotica (Includes a picture). Setshogo, M.P. (2005). Preliminary checklist of the plants of Botswana. Sabonet Report no. 37. Sabonet, Pretoria and Gaborone Page 128. Stewart, J. & Campbell, B. (1996). Orchids of Kenya Timber Press Inc, Portland Oregon, USA ISBN0-88192-357-5 Pages 131 - 132. as Habenaria chlorotica Summerhayes, V.S. (1953). African orchids XXI Kew Bulletin 8(1) Pages 129 - 130. Summerhayes, V.S. (1968). Orchidaceae (Part 1) Flora of Tropical East Africa Pages 54 - 56. also as Habenaria chlorotica (Includes a picture). Williamson, G. (1977). The Orchids of South Central Africa J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd., London. Pages 39 - 40. also as Habenaria chlorotica (Includes a picture).

Other sources of information about Habenaria filicornis:

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Flora of Botswana: Habenaria filicornis
Flora of the DRC: Habenaria filicornis
Flora of Malawi: Habenaria filicornis
Flora of Mozambique: Habenaria filicornis
Flora of Rwanda: Habenaria filicornis
Flora of Zambia: Habenaria filicornis
Flora of Zimbabwe: Habenaria filicornis

External websites:

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Habenaria filicornis
African Plant Database: Habenaria filicornis
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Habenaria filicornis
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Habenaria filicornis
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Habenaria filicornis
Google: Web - Images - Scholar
iNaturalist: Habenaria filicornis
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Habenaria filicornis
JSTOR Plant Science: Habenaria filicornis
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Habenaria filicornis
Plants of the World Online: Habenaria filicornis
Tropicos: Habenaria filicornis
Wikipedia: Habenaria filicornis