Drynaria volkensii Hieron.

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Photo: Bart Wursten
Zovo Chipolo Forest, Nyika National Park

Photo: Petra Ballings
Lake Kaulime, Nyika National Park

Photo: Petra Ballings
Luwawa Forest Reserve, Viphya, Mzimba

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Synonyms:	Drynaria saccardoi Cufod. Drynaria volkensii Hieron. var. macrosora Hieron. Drynaria volkensii Hieron. var. uondensis Fiori
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Description:	Rhizome up to 1 cm in diameter, creeping, often encircling the boles of large trees; rhizome scales dark-castaneous, spinose, up to 6 mm long. Fronds spaced, dimorph. Sterile "nest" fronds up to 24 × 18 cm., sessile, erect, ovate in outline, chartaceous, with prominent veins, pinnatifid into narrowly oblong acute to obtuse lobes, glabrous except for minute brown laciniate scales along the midrib. Fertile fronds erect to arching, firmly herbaceous, stipitate. Stipe pale brown, up to 15 × 0.3–0.4 cm, glabrous. Lamina up to 67 × 32 cm, ovate-oblong in outline, with a narrow wing decurrent onto the stipe, pinnatifid almost to the midrib into cultrate acute-acuminate lobes up to 23 × 4 cm, base abruptly broadened adnate, margin minutely and irregularly notched, thinly set with brown laciniate scales when young, glabrous at maturity. Sori 2–2.5 mm in diameter, round, borne close to the costa about 3 mm apart.
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Worldwide distribution:	Widespread in tropical Africa.
Growth form(s):	Epiphyte.
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Spot characters:	Display spot characters for this species
Literature:	Burrows, J.E. & Burrows, S.M. (1993). An annotated check-list of the pteridophytes of Malawi Kirkia 14(1) Page 90. Burrows, J.E. & Willis, C.K. (eds) (2005). Plants of the Nyika Plateau Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 31 SABONET, Pretoria Page 38. (Includes a picture). Da Silva, M.C., Izidine, S. & Amude, A.B. (2004). A preliminary checklist of the vascular plants of Mozambique. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 30 Sabonet, Pretoria Page 13. Dowsett-Lemaire, F. (1989). The flora and phytogeography of the evergreen forests of Malawi. I: Afromontane and mid-altitude forests; Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 59(1/2) Page 26. Kornas, J. (1979). Distribution and ecology of the Pteridophytes in Zambia Polska Akademia Nauk Wydzial II Nauk Biologicznych Page 75. Phiri, P.S.M. (2005). A Checklist of Zambian Vascular Plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 32 Page 14. Roux, J.P. (2001). Conspectus of Southern African Pteridophyta. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report 13 Page 99. Roux, J.P. (2009). Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands Page 153. Schelpe, E.A.C.L.E. (1970). Pteridophyta Flora Zambesiaca Page 149. (Includes a picture). Verdcourt, B. (2001). Polypodiaceae F.T.E.A. Pages 12 - 14. (Includes a picture).

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Flora of Malawi: Drynaria volkensii
Flora of Mozambique: Drynaria volkensii
Flora of Rwanda: Drynaria volkensii
Flora of Zambia: Drynaria volkensii

External websites:

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Drynaria volkensii
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Drynaria volkensii
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Drynaria volkensii
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iNaturalist: Drynaria volkensii
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Drynaria volkensii
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Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Drynaria volkensii
Plants of the World Online: Drynaria volkensii
Tropicos: Drynaria volkensii
Wikipedia: Drynaria volkensii