Solanum terminale Forssk.

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Photo: Bart Wursten
Castleburn Forest, Vumba

Photo: Bart Wursten
Old Forest Edge (near Bunga Forest), Vumba

Photo: Bart Wursten
Mt Chinaka, Juliasdale

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Synonyms:	Solanum bifurcum Hochst. Solanum plousianthemum Dammer Solanum rhodesianum Dammer Solanum terminale Forssk. subsp. sanaganum (Bitter) Heine
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Description:	Creeper or climber to 3(-7) m. Leaves elliptic, 7(-11) × 3(-6) cm, sparsely pubescent to hairless; base rounded, decurrent on the petiole; apex acuminate; margin entire; petiole 1-2 cm. Flowers composed of 3-5 pedunculate umbels arranged in a dense terminal inflorescence. Pedicels 1-2 cm, thickened below the flower. Calyx lobes 5. Petals 7-10 mm, white, mauve, purple or blue; anthers yellow. Flowers 15-20 mm in diameter. Fruit 6-10 mm in diameter, spherical, red when ripe.
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Derivation of specific name:	terminale: borne at the apex of the stem (terminal), referring to the inflorescence.
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Worldwide distribution:	Throughout Africa from Guinea eastwards to Ethiopia and south to South Africa; also Yemen and the Comoro Islands
Growth form(s):	Climber, liane.
Endemic status:
Red data list status:
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Spot characters:	Display spot characters for this species
Literature:	Baumann, G. (2005). Photographic Guide to Wildflowers of Malawi Wildlife and Environmental Society of Malawi Pages 126 - 127. (Includes a picture). Burrows, J.E., Burrows, S.M., Lötter, M.C. & Schmidt, E. (2018). Trees and Shrubs Mozambique Publishing Print Matters (Pty), Cape Town. Page 865. (Includes a picture). Chapano, C. & Mamuto, M. (2003). Plants of the Chimanimani District National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Page 52. As Solanum terminale sanaganum and Solanum terminale terminale Dowsett-Lemaire, F. (1989). The flora and phytogeography of the evergreen forests of Malawi. I: Afromontane and mid-altitude forests; Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 59(1/2) Page 24. Drummond, R.B. (1975). A list of trees, shrubs and woody climbers indigenous or naturalised in Rhodesia. Kirkia 10(1) Page 273. As Solanum terminale sanaganum Gonçalves, A.E. (2005). Solanaceae Flora Zambesiaca 8(4) Pages 77 - 78. Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 80. Steedman, E.C. (1933). Some Trees, Shrubs and Lianes of Southern Rhodesia. Strugnell, A.M. (2006). A Checklist of the Spermatophytes of Mount Mulanje, Malawi Scripta Botanica Belgica 34 National Botanic Garden of Belgium Page 178.

Other sources of information about Solanum terminale:

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Flora of Malawi: Solanum terminale
Flora of Mozambique: Solanum terminale
Flora of Zambia: Solanum terminale
Flora of Zimbabwe: Solanum terminale

External websites:

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Solanum terminale
African Plant Database: Solanum terminale
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Solanum terminale
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Solanum terminale
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Solanum terminale
Google: Web - Images - Scholar
iNaturalist: Solanum terminale
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Solanum terminale
JSTOR Plant Science: Solanum terminale
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Solanum terminale
Plants of the World Online: Solanum terminale
Tropicos: Solanum terminale
Wikipedia: Solanum terminale