Records made by Maggs

Herb; Notes: Tall perennial herb to shrub, plentiful on lermitarium. Stem erect, woody at base, dense stellate, yellowish indumentum, with scattered sericeous hairs. Lamina circular to cordiform, 80 x 60 mm, margin dentate, apex tapering, base cordate, densely pubescent. Flowers in groups of 3 per axel, 20 mm long. Petals orange-yellow. Capsule discoidal, 25 mm in diameter.

Herb; Notes: Bushy, annual herb, 30 cm high. Stems rigid, articulated, dichotomously branched, green-brown with dense, white, scabrous indumentum. Leaves opposite but often clustered, simple, subsessile; lamina obovate, apex acute, base cuneate, margin entire but sinuate, dull green, thinly textured both surfaces densely pubescent, persistent, up to 30 x 12 mm. Inflorescence solitary, axillary, subsessile, partially hidden by foliar leaves, 7-8 mm in diameter. Florets yellow, inconspicuous. Fruit a spiny achene. (Exotic - from Brazil = a weed in cultivated fields)

Graminoid; Notes: Sparely tufted perennial grass, up to 0,75 m high when flower. Culms basally geniculate but otherwise steeply ascending, terete, smooth, glabrous, relatively sturdy although' slender, yellow-green to straw-coloured purple-tinted towards nodes to deep purple and basally prominently gibbose, branched. Leaf blade linear, somewhat expanded but mostly rolled, tapering to fine tip, dull green but with conspicuous abaxial white ribs, up to 20 cm long but mostly shorter, often withering at apex, base not auriculate - simply rounded and slightly notched, glabrous, rigid and erect but not spine-tipped. Ligule an inconspicuous, dense fringe of short, white hairs not continuous on collar. Leaf sheath 6-7 cm long, loosely circumculmate, margins hyaline, keeled, glabrous, dull to yellow-green, conspicuously white ribbed basally deep purple-tinted, persistent. Inflorescence a spicate panicle, narrowly ovate to lanceolate in outline, about 15/2,5 cm. Secondary axis verticillately arranged to main axis, 2,5-4 cm long, glabrous, steeply ascending and adpressed against main axis. Spikelets 2-flowers, lanceolate, 8-10/0, 75-1 mm, paired = 1 sessile; 1 stalked. Glumes membranous, straw-coloured to green or often deep purple-tinted, glabrous, persistent. Awn splitting to geniculate, 12-25 mm long, purple; column lacking.

Annual herb. Stems brittle, with dense, white, curly indumentum. Leaves ovate, apex tapering and acute, ca. 40 x 20 mm, yellow-green, venation prominent, with dense, white, adpressed indumentum. Inflorescence axillary raceme. Flowers large, subsessile, up to 20 mm long and 18 mm long, petals cream-coloured, deep purple speckled in throat.

30 cm high; Graminoid; Notes: Erect, annual grass, up to 30 cm high when in flower. Culm erect to somewhat geniculate, much branched, slender, terete, yellow-green with long, white, sericeous indumentum especially conspicuous at dark-banded nodes. Leaf blade lanceolate, tapering to narrow apex over a length of 50 - 100 mm, up to 10 mm wide, thin and softly textured, expanded, ascending to somewhat recurved, bright green, covered on both surfaces by fine, white, short, downy indumentum, margins white with long straight, white hairs, base rounded. Ligule an inconspicuous brown, membranous ridge with short, white, straight hairs. Leaf sheath tightly circumculmate from collar region, overlapping, 25 - 50 mm long, paler green with relatively dense long, white, sericeous indumentum. Inflorescence a panicle of spaced racemes, up to 200 x 80 mm, elliptic in outline, enclosed initially in upper leaf sheath. Racemes 50 mm long, alternately arranged on main axis at intervals of 3 - 30 mm; secondary axis slender, sinuate with dense, short, white, velutinous indumentum. Spikelets paired, minutely ovoid, 2 x 1.5 mm, apex acute. Glumes tightly clasped, membranous, pale green to purple tinted. Stigma branches apically exerted, deep purple.

Graminoid; Notes: Bushy-perennial grass, up to 50 cm when in flower. Culms basally pronounced geniculate to ascending, rooting from prostrate lower nodes, straw-coloured to pale green, internodes short, terete, glabrous, nodes gibbose, red-brown-banded. Leaf blade lanceolate, expanded, 100 x 7 mm, blue-green, abaxially white-ribbed, margin white, thickened tapering to delicate apex, base auriculate, glabrous. Ligule fringed with short white hairs, continuous and longer on collar. Leaf sheath yellowish, 5 cm long, deeply canaliculate, loosely circumculmate, keeled, glabrous, persistent and fibrous. Inflorescence a spicate raceme, narrowly ovate to elongate in outline, 60 - 100 x 15 mm, initially enclosed by upper leaf. Spikelets stalked, arranged or verticillate, dense, ellipsoid, surrounded by dense clusters of purplish bristles (sinuate, 1 - 1.5 cm long, fine, glabrous or setulose), 3 - 4.5 mm long, awnless.

Herb; Notes: Small, bushy, annual herb, up to 30 cm high. Stem basally slightly woody, densely branched, dark brown to green-brown with dense white velutinous indumentum. Leaves alternate, paripinnate; stipules paired, linear, acutely tapering, 6 mm long; petiole short, 5 mm long, stout, densely pubescent; rhachis 2 - 6 cm long, straight to ascending apically bearing 40 pinna pairs; lamina lanceolate in broad outline; pinna somewhat falcate, 4-5 x 1-1.5 mm, apex apiculate, base oblique, folded closed along midrib, yellow-green with dense, short, white, curly indumentum. Flowers solitary, axillary, 7 mm in diameter; petals 5, free, pale yellow, obovate; sepals 5, greenish, densely pubescent. Pod flattened, elongate, apiculate, up to 30 x 4 x 1mm.

Herb; Notes: Small bushy annual herb, up to 30 cm high. Stem basally slightly woody, densely branched, dark brown to green-brown with dense white velutinous indumentum. Leaves alternate, paripinnate; stipules paired, linear, acutely tapering, 6 mm long; petiole short, 5 mm long, stout, densely pubescent; rachis 2-6 cm long, straight to ascending apical bearing 40 pinna pairs; lamina lanceolate in broad outline; pinna somewhat falcate, 4-5 x 1-1.5 mm, apex apiculate, base oblique, folded closed along midrib, yellow-green with dense, short, white, curly indumentum. Flowers solitary, axillary, 7 mm in diameter; petals 5, free, pale yellow, obovate; sepals 5, greenish, densely pubescent. Pod flattened, elongate, apiculate, up to 30 x 4 x 1 mm.

Herb; Notes: Tall, lanky annual herb, 1 - 1.5 m high. Stem olive-green, ribbed, hirsute. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets 4 x 1 mm, slightly falcate, 30 - 40 pairs. Flowers axillary, solitary, 12 mm in diameter, petals golden yellow. Pod ca. 30 x 1.5 mm, densely pubescent, beaked.

Graminoid; Notes: Tall, tufted perennial grass, up to 1,5 m high when in flower. Culms erect, sturdy, terete, slightly reed-like, terete, partially exposed esp. apically, pale dull green, discolouring to yellow at nodes which are dark brown-banded and swollen, glabrous although node occasionally minutely and sparsely pubescent. Leaf blade linear to narrowly lanceolate gradually tapering to sharp tip over a length of 50 cm, expanded to slightly involute to tightly rolled, widest at base: 5 - 7 mm, dull green with white pulverulent indumentum, not rigid but recurved to curling, base rounded and not conspicuously auriculate. Ligule a brown membranous ridge with scattered long white hairs more conspicuous on collar regions. Leaf sheath 70 - 90 mm long, not overlapping dull green to pink-tinted near base, persistent, relatively open almost to base, glabrous. Inflorescence complex tiered digitate arrangement of racemes, 6 - 10/whorl, borne on slender peduncle. Raceme 8 - 12 cm long ascending, flexuous, and usually recurved somewhat at tip. Spikelets borne in 2 rows on undersurface of axis, minutely ellipsoid, 2,5 - 3 x 1 mm. Glume membranous, deep purple, minutely pubescent with white ciliate indumentum, yellowish awn exerted about 2 mm beyond spikelet. 2 flowers/spikelet. Base of raceme axis densely pubescent with long white hairs scattered over entire length.

Herb; Notes: Erect, lanky, annual herb, up to m high. Stems rigid, terete yet deeply fluted, yellow-green, unbranched, with dense, short, straight white indumentum, glandular. Leaves alternate, 5-palmatisect; petiole short, up to 2 mm long, yellow, densely pubescent; lamina circular in broad outline, up to 2 x 2 cm; pinnae unequal, narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, apex rounded to minutely apiculate, base cuneate, 4-20 x 0.5-2 mm dull olive-green, margin entire to revolute, dense white hispidullous indumentum on both surfaces, glandular. Flowers solitary but concentrated terminally, axillary, strongly descending, showy. Petals 5, free, posterior 2 much enlarged, obovate and narrowly clawed, pale pink with yellow and deep purple markings, 16 mm long. Stamens 10, well exerted. Fruit a capsule, falcate, 65-120 x 2-3 mm, apiculate, slightly flattened, green, pubescent, dehiscing along 2 seams. Seeds globose, dark-brown to black, 2 mm in diameter, verrucose.

Tree; Notes: Medium tree. Leaves broadly ovate-elliptic, coriaceous, apex apiculate, densely pubescent but becoming glabrescent adaxially, 70 x 45 mm, dark green, venation prominent. Flowers yellow; spikes 50 mm long. Mixed semi-deciduous woodland after a burn.

Shrub; Notes: Shrub. Bark greyish. Branchlets spine-tipped. Leaves 3 - foliolate. Leaflets obovate, terminally 30 x 22 mm, laterally smaller, finely velutinous, apex rounded, margin crenate.

Tall shrub, 3 m high. Stems profusely branched from base, with dark grey bark; young branchlets with dense white indumentum. Leaves alternate but normally clustered on dwarf shoots, simple; petiole up to 1 cm long, adaxially grooved, yellow-green, densely pubescent; lamina ovate to elliptic to obovate, apex rounded to notched, base cuneate, margin entire and sinuate to obscurely dentate along upper margin, 30-80 x18-40 mm, adaxially dark olive-green with dense, short, white, adpressed indumentum, abaxially pale olive-green, indumentum as above, venation prominent with lateral veins merging with margin. Flowers past. Fruit a berry, fleshy, orange when ripe, ovoid, 1 cm long, in terminal clusters, fused sepals persistent as cupular structure extending 1/3 of fruit, style apically persistent.

Notes: Low-growing, sub-aquatic perennial, 50-80 mm when in flower. Stem compact. Roots fibrous, red-coloured. Leaves fascicled, simple, subsessile; lamina elliptic, apex acute, base cuneate to decurrent, margin entire and conspicuously ciliate, 4 x 1 cm, adaxially yellow-green with scattered white adpressed indumentum, abaxially purple-tinted with dense indumentum of same type as above, fairly erect and not prostrate on substrate, coriaceous. Flowers borne in axillary racemes with normally only 1 flower opening at a time, 5 mm in diameter, bilabiate; peduncle slender, green, 3-4 cm long, densely pubescent. Floral bracts foliaceous, paired, green, conspicuously ciliate and pubescent; petals fused, blue to purplish with white puckered striations and yellow throat. Terminalia sericea predominant.

200 mm high; Herb; Notes: Annual herb, hemiparasitic on grass roots, 200 mm high. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, irregularly and minutely toothed, glabrous, green but becoming black when dry. Flowers solitary, large, showy, 3.5 cm in diameter, lilac-pink; sepals persistent.

Herb; Notes: Annual herb, 30 cm when in flower; hemiparasite on grass roots. Stems erect, green, slender, terete, glabrous. Leaves opposite, simple, subsessile; lamina lanceolate, apex acute, base cuneate, margin irregularly dentate at base (certain teeth appear as filiform protuberances especially in older leaves), dull olive-green, up to 80 x 7 mm, glabrous on both surfaces. Flowers in axillary/terminal racemes with paired arrangement, large, showy, up to 30 mm in diameter; peduncles 35-50 cm long. Petals 5, fused ( posterior 2; anterior 3), purple-pink but white-cream to yellow in throat, tube abaxially densely pubescent, glandular. Sepals 5, fused, green, glabrous, 8 mm long, persistent and enlarging somewhat around fruit. Pedicel 1 cm long, slender. Fruit bilocular capsule, dehiscing apically; dark brown.

Herb; Notes: Annual herb, 30 cm when in flower; hemiparasite on grass roots. Stems erect, green, slender, terete, glabrous. Leaves opposite, simple, subsessile; lamina lanceolate, apex acute, base cuneate, margin irregularly dentate at base (certain teeth appear as filiform protrubrances especially in older leaves), dull olive-green, up to 80 x 7 mm, glabrous on both surfaces. Flowers in axillary/terminal racemes with paired arrangement, large, showy, up to 30 mm in diameter; penduncles 35-50 cm long. Petals 5, fused (posterior 2; anterior 3), purple-pink but white-cream to yellow in throat, tube abaxially densely pubescent, glandular. Sepals 5, fused, green, glabrous, 8 mm long, persistent and enlarging somewhat around fruit. Pedicel 1 cm long, slender. Fruit bilocular capsule, dehiscing apically, dark brown.

Graminoid; Notes: Perennial, low-growing grass with woody, creeping rhizome. Culms basally woody and prostrate, often rooting from lower, geniculate nodes, upper portions steeply ascending, almost entirely enclosed by leaf bases, much-branched. Leaf blade linear, 5 - 12 cm long, gradually tapering to acute apex, expanded to slightly revolute to tightly rolled, at most 2, 5 mm wide, erect, fairly rigid, dull blue-green, glabrous or with long, white, somewhat adpressed indumentum, margins white, thickened, hard to the touch, slightly spine-tipped, base about undifferentiated. Ligule a membranous ridge bearing sparse white indumentum, more conspicuous on collar region. Leaf sheath overlapping, about 4 centimetre long, relatively tightly circumculmate, blue-green to yellowish at base, glabrate to pubescent, persistent and spiny around rhizome. Inflorescence a digitate racemose arrangement, borne on a slender, erect peduncle. Raceme about 4 centimetre long, about 1,5 mm wide, 4 - 7 inflorescence, ascending but never spreading, straight to apically reflexed, not rigid. Spikelets minutely ovoid, about 1,5 x 1 mm, densely arranged on axis. Glumes membranous, straw-coloured to green to purple-tinted, awnless, glabrous. Stigma branches laterally exerted.

sedge; Notes: Sedge, up to 50 cm high. Leaves filiform, rolled, grey-green, basally purple-tinted and membranous, glabrous, persistent. Peduncle erect, relatively rigid. Spikelets about 3 / cluster, ovoid, flattened, about 10 x 6 mm, creamy white. Brackets inconspicuous, linear. Growing in mixed Terminalia sericea / Combretum woodland.

sedge; Notes: Low-growing sedge, about 30 cm high. Leaves narrow, grey-green, glabrous, glaucous (also bracts). Inflorescence: globose cluster of spikelets of about 20 mm in diameter. Spikelet narrowly ovate, laterally flattened, about 10 x 4 mm, white to green tinted bracts.

Creeper; Notes: Woody creeper. Young branchlets with dense, short, white, woolly indumentum, terete to angled and ribbed. Leaves spirally arranged, simple; Petiole stout, adaxially grooved, densely pulverulent, up to 10 mm long; lamina ovate to cordiform, ca. 60 x 45 mm, broadly tapering to acute apex, base rounded to cordate (narrowly curate down petiole), adaxially olive green, minutely / sparsely pubescent; adaxially silvery, venation prominent, densely pubescent. Capitula in scorpioid cymes ( = corymbs), ellipsoid, ca. 15 x 8 mm, homogenous, disc florets 10 - 12 mm long, 5 - merous. Stigma 5-branched, well-exerted. Pappus prominent, white, straight, about 10 mm long. Involucral bract 4-6-whorled, lanceolate-ovate, green, foliaceous with white, arachnoid pubescence. Growing in forest island on termite mound.

Herb; Notes: All annual herb, in moist conditions between reeds. Ethnobotanical Voucher Specimen: Mozweze (Lozi) - indication of good soil to plant mealies, infused in water and given to cows to increase milk production.

0.5 m high; Graminoid; Notes: (F. Poaceae) Tufted annual, ca. 0,5m high when in flower. Culms erect, slender, yellow-green, glabrous except for white pubescent indumentum at nodes. Leaf blade linear-lanceolate, expanded, rapidly withering at apex, up to 200*6mm, glabrous, soft and tender, yellow-green, basally rounded. Ligule inconspicuous with fringe of dense, white, straight hairs. Leaf sheath yellow-green, ca. 5cm long, overlapping, not tightly circumculmate, canaliculate, glabrous to sparsely pubescent. Inflorescence a panicle of spaced racemes, ca. 10*2,5cm. Raceme lax, spicate ca. 3,5cm long, erect. Spikelets loosely arranged in 2 rows, ovoid, apex tapering, 3*1mm, awned; glumes pale green, densely pubescent. Stalk purple-banded at apex (=callus) with long, white, straight hairs. Awn ca. 2,5mm long. Stigma purple, exerted just below apex.

subshrub; Notes: Sub-shrub, up to m, with extensive subterranean root-stock. Stems with dense yellow pubescence. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets elliptic-obovate, grey-green, 35 x 10 mm. adaxially with adpressed silvery hairs, puckered, abaxially venation prominent; stipule ovate, membranous, 6 x 3 mm. Flowers 12 mm long, in racemes, yellowish with maroon markings. Pods ovoid, 15 x 6 mm, densely sericeous.

Tree; Notes: Small to medium-sized tree. Ethnobotanical Voucher Specimen: matokola (Lozi): used to exorcize ghosts. Wood not used as fuel cause it cause bad luck; tshutshora (Kwe).

Geophyte; Notes: Geophyte, up to 0.75 m when in flower, growing among thorny thicket; rhizome horizontally elongate, much-branched, with dense fibrous roots. Leaves lanceolate. Inflorescence a raceme. Flowers 2 - 2.5 cm in diameter; perianth segments mauve-pink.

Geophyte; Notes: Geophyte, up to 1 m high when in flower, growing within dense thorny shrubbery. Leaves elongate-ovate, bright green, glabrous. Inflorescence a raceme, unbranched. Flowers 30 mm in diameter; perianth segments golden yellow.

sedge; Notes: Tall, tufted sedge. Height: about 0.5 m high. Leaves relatively inconspicuous, grey-green to yellowish-green, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, linear, apex acute, basis persistent. Inflorescence: lax panicle with scorpioid branching; spikelets 6-8 mm, reddish brown; spikelets caducous.

Shrub; Notes: Densely branched undergrowth shrub, 1 - 2 m high. Branchlets rigid, grey-brown. Leaves obovate, 22 x 12 mm, bright green to grey-green, glabrous, apex truncate. Flowers past. Fruit a berry, globose, axillary, solitary on long slender stalk.

Shrub; Notes: Straggling shrub, 3 m high. Bark dark grey, peeling; branchlets deep red-brown. Leaves elliptic, 60 x 30 mm, margin denticulate, base slightly oblique; adaxially dull green, with minute stellate hairs; abaxially silvery green, densely velutinous. Fruit 1 or 2-lobed, green-brown.

Herb; Notes: Bushy herb; stems erect or trailing, densely pubescent, ribbed. Leaves ovate, apex acute, margin dentate, bright green with sparse stellate indumentum. Flower solitary, axillary, showy, up to 80 mm in diameter, cream with dark maroon centre. Epicalyx 5.

subshrub; Notes: Straggly subshrub, 1 m or more. Stems brittle, 4-angled, initially with short brown indumentum. Lamina ovate, 50 x 18 mm, gradually tapering, dark green, more or less glabrous, thinly textured, margin coarsely dentate. Inflorescence axillary/terminal panicle; branchlets opposite. Flower 8 mm long, bilabiate, yellow-cream.

Herb; Notes: Perennial herb, up to 1 m high. Stems rigid, 4-angled; branchlets densely pubescent. Lamina ovate - elliptic, 50 x 20 mm, dark green, margin dentate, minutely pubescent. Inflorescence terminal panicle. Flowers 6 mm long; sepals fused, extending 2/3 of length.

Creeper; Notes: Creeper. Stems basally woody with conspicuous, white, elongate lenticels; young branchlets flaccid, twining, dark green with very dense short white indumentum, terete. Leaves opposite, trifoliolate; petiole slender, curved, 1 cm long, further characters as for stem; petiolule up to 8 mm long, laterally, 17 mm terminally; pinna ovate, apex apiculate, base rounded, margin entire, terminally 40-60 x 17-48 mm, laterally 20-35 x 17-28 mm, dark dull green with dense white indumentum, 3-5- veined from base. Flowers in axillary/terminal panicles, tubular, showy, 25 mm long, 20 mm in diameter, fragrant; peduncle 25 - 40 mm long, pedicels 2 - 3 mm long. Petals 8, fused, white. Sepals 4, fused, green, 2 mm long, persistent. Fruit 2-lobed berry with clear constriction between the two, each lobe globose, 6 mm in diameter, green, glabrous, smooth, fleshy.

Annual herb. Stems rigid, articulated, fresh green, sparsely pubescent. Leaves lamina ovate-elliptic, 50 x 20 mm, densely hirsute, apex tapering. Inflorescence terminal spicate raceme, 70 mm long. Bracts foliaceous, apex slightly spinescent, cream to pale green, ovate, 12 x 5 mm. Flowers 2-lipped, pale yellow with maroon in throat. Stamens 2.

Creeper; Notes: Creeping on black soil. Only one plant seen. Tiny yellow flowers, round fruits: green when immature and orange/red when ripe. Fruits often in clusters. Leave rhombic shape, hard to the touch.

Herb; Notes: Annual herb, 40 - 50 cm high when in flower. Stems slender, green, terete, erect, unbranched, glabrous. Leaves opposite but mostly clustered, simple, sessile; lamina linear to narrowly lanceolate, apex acute, base cuneate, margin entire but slightly revolute, up to 40 x 2 mm, dull green, glabrous on both surfaces. Flowers small, in terminal panicles (= dichasia tending to corymb-like arrangement); peduncle 10 - 20 cm long, characters as for stem. Petals 4, pale brown, fused to form basal tube with free apices, 3 mm in diameter, 15 mm long. Sepals 4, fused, minute. Pedicel 5 - 10 mm long to lacking (normally 1 flower of dichasium stalked, the other sessile). Fruit a capsule, globose, 2-lobed, 2 x 3 mm with 4 apical horns, dehiscing along apical suture.

Herb; Notes: Habitat: banks of channel. Annual herb, 40 cm high. Leaves 3 - 4 cm long, glossy and glutinous. Stipules 5 mm long, interpetiolar, bifurnicate. Flowering branch well-extended, foliaceous near base, dichasium. Flowers 1-1.5 cm long, tubular; tube brown-red; petals 4, free tips extended, cream with central brown band. Capsule flattened - globular with 4 apical horns, 4 lobed, 5 x 8 mm.

Herb; Notes: Tall, lanky herb, up to 1.5 m high. Stem erect, rigid, terete, green with fine, white indumentum. Leaves alternate, simple; lamina narrowly ovate to lanceolate, apex acute, base rounded, margin irregularly dentate, 75-100 x 15-25 mm, dull olive-green with scabrid indumentum on both surfaces, venation abaxially prominent, 3-veined from base; petiole 5-8 mm long, green, densely pubescent. Flowers usually solitary (although 2 buds are normally formed/axillary), axillary but concentrated terminally, large, 35 mm in diameter, showy. Petals 5, free, obovate, cream-white, crinkled. Sepals 5, fused, ovate, olive-green and densely pubescent, persistent. Epicalyx segments directly beneath calyx, narrowly linear, up to 5 x 0.5 mm, densely pubescent, persistent. Stamens in central column, 10-12 mm long; pollen golden yellow. Fruit: a capsule, 5-lobed, somewhat inflated, discoidal, 1 cm in diameter, pubescent especially along central rib of each lobe; borne on stalk up to 3 cm long.

Perennial grass, up to 75 cm high when in flower. Inflorescence an open panicle, ovate in outing, 110 x 70 mm main axis erect but strongly sinuate, 2-flowered. Culms basally geniculate but steeply ascending otherwise erect, branched, slender but rigid, terete, dull green, nodes slightly gibbose and densely pubescent. Leaf blade lanceolate, up to 150 x 4 mm, usually expanded but margins tending to involute, dull green, glabrous, apex delicately tapered and withering, base slightly auriculate. Ligule a dense fringe of short, cream-coloured hairs especially long and conspicuous on collar. Leaf sheath tightly circumculmate, dull green to straw-coloured prominently ribbed, glabrous, persistent and fibrous at base. Racemes alternate, never whorled, ascending, at most 90 mm long, axis delicate, sinuate. Spikelets solitary, urn-shaped, 5 x 2 mm stalk apically cupular. Glumes scale-like, 1/3 of spikelet length. Lemma straw-coloured, densely sericeous with long silvery white to reddish hairs, awned.

Annual grass, up to 50 cm high when in flower. Inflorescence an open panicle, 70 mm long, borne on slender peduncle obscured by lower leaf blade. Leaf blade narrowly tapering, folded, up to 200 x 8 mm, softly textured with very sparsely scattered white indumentum, margin tends to ciliate especially. Leaf sheath overlapping, same length as blade with long, white straight hairs. Culm slender, erect with scattered, fine, white indumentum, yellow-green with occasional purple tints, nodes purple with a band of fine white hairs. Spikelet ovoid, 2.5 mm long enclosed by long silky hairs often with pink tinge, awn lacking. Spikelet stalk fine undulating. Anthers exerted, 1.5 mm long, golden yellow. Ligule a band of dense white hairs with longer silky hairs on collar.

Herb; Notes: Straggling herb, plentiful on road verge. Stems prostrate to ascending with dense yellow-brown stellate hairs. Petiole slender, 70 mm long, with dense stellate indumentum. Stipules linear, caducous. Lamina almost circular to 5-palmatilobate, margin dentate, olive-green, discoloured, densely pubescent. Flowers axillary, solitary, showy, 60 mm in diameter. Epicalyx segments 20 x 1 mm.

Tree; Notes: Tall tree, 8 m high. Stems grey-brown. Branches mostly descending, young branchlets with dense rust-brown velutinous indumentum. Leaves alternate, paripinnate-bipinnately decompound. Petiole slender, abaxially grooved, bulbous at base, yellowish, densely pubescent, 20 - 45 mm long; rhachis as for petiole, 60 mm long, bearing mostly 4 pairs of rhachillae. Rhachillae as for petiole, 60 - 70 mm long, slightly curved to straight, bearing 12 - 22 pinnule pairs, extending beyond apical pair. Lamina ovate in broad outline, 130 x 70 mm. Pinna narrowly ovate in broad outline, slightly falcate, 70 x 12 mm. Pinnules paired, ovate, apex minutely acuminate, base rounded, slightly oblique, shortly stalked, 7 x 3 mm, margin entire grey-green, abaxially darker, smooth, glabrous, abaxially minutely pubescent, midrib conspicuous. Flowers past. Fruit a pod, flattened, ellipsoid, 80 x 20 mm, yellow-green with dense ferruginous indumentum, canaliculate, often pendulous.

Notes: Mopane woodland. Tall tree, 10 m high. Leaves bipinnate. Flowers yellow, profuse. Ethnobotanical oucher specimen: musilo (Lozi, Subiya) - no known uses.

Graminoid; Notes: Tall, tufted, annual grass, up to 1 m high when in flower. Culm erect and shortly articulated, branched, terete, sturdy, smooth, glabrous, beige to purple-tinged. Leaf blade broadly sagittate, short, 5 x 1 cm, dull grey-green with purple tinges, expanded, usually not reflexed, clearly ciliate with margins harshly scabrid, abaxially, conspicuously striate, base auriculate. Ligule an inconspicuous membranous ridge without indumentum. Leaf sheath beige to pale green, glabrous, up to 4 cm long, not overlapping, margins not imbricate or touching although circumculmate. Inflorescence a dense spike, up to 25 cm long, initially sheathed by foliar spathe, rapidly withering; peduncle 10 cm long. Spikelets 2-awned, narrowly ovoid, up to 3 x 0,5 mm, initially adpressed against axis but 1 prior to falling. Awns pale green but later discolouring to deep purple, flexuous, unbristled.

sedge; Notes: Tall sedge, about 0.75 m high, growing in damp mulapo. Leaves linear, folded, ribbed, yellow-green. Inflorescence: rounded, compact head, about 3 cm in diameter; spikelets narrowly ovate, about 6 x 1 mm, golden-brown. Inflorescence bracts foliaceous, 80 - 120 x 3 mm, rigid, extended.

Herb; Notes: Perennial herb, ca. 0.5 m high. Stems ribbed, densely pubescent. Leaves trifoliolate; pinna rhombic, 30 x 20 mm, dull green, venation prominent with hirsute indumentum; stipules ovate, tapering, caducous. Inflorescence axillary raceme, up to 20 cm long. Flowers 12 - 15 mm long, pendulous; petals pubescent, yellow with maroon streaks.

Herb, stems basally woody. Flowers orange, solitary, axillary.

Notes: Erect, tufted, annual grass, up to 1 m when in flower. Culms erect to slightly geniculate, yellow-green but conspicuously purple-tinted at nodes, glabrous, slender. Leaf blade bright green, gradually tapering over a length of 12 - 20 cm, soft and tender, glabrous, normally expanded, rounded basally at collar. Ligule a band of dense, white, silky hairs, 1 mm high. Leaf sheath 6 cm long, glabrous, tightly clasping around culm. Inflorescence a compact spike, 40 - 70 mm long and 5 mm wide, borne on very slender erect, glabrous peduncle, up to 50 cm long. Spikelets densely arranged, ellipsoid, 2 mm long, without awn, but interspersed by long, stiff hairs, yellow-green but rapidly discolouring to dark purple; glumes pale green to pale pink-tinted.

Notes: Erectly tufted, perennial grass, up to 1 m high when in flower. Culms erect to slightly geniculate at basal nodes, unbranched, terete, relatively sturdy, scarcely gibbose, fresh to yellow-green, nodes dark brown-banded canaliculate, glabrous. Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate to linear, tapering to an acute apex over a length of 10 - 15 cm, expanding to rolled, 4 mm wide, dull blue-green, margins white and thickened, minutely setulose along veins with scattered, long, white, bulbous based hairs, base narrowed and indented to auriculate. Ligule a fringe of short, white, dense hairs, not conspicuous on collar although basal margins of blade bear copious long, white hairs. Leaf sheath loosely circumculmate, keeled but basally imbricate not overlapping: culm apically exposed, blue-green, indumentum of various frequencies to almost glabrous persistent. Inflorescence a spicate raceme, 70 - 120 x 5 - 8 mm borne on deeply canaliculate, slender peduncle, spathe lacking. Spikelets ellipsoid, 2 - 2.5 x 1 - 1.5 mm arranged verticillately around axis. Stalks apically cupular, densely but minutely pubescent as is axis with long, stiff, yellowish clustered bristles. Entire inflorescence scabrous in texture due to setulose bristles. Glumes membranous, pale green to purple, glabrous, awnless.

Notes: Perennial grass, up to 1.5 m when in flower. Culms erect, basally rigid and sturdy, terete, yellow-green, gibbose, nodes brown. Leaf blade generally folded, apex tending to wilt, fairly short, about 15 cm long, softly textured, smooth, dull green, young blades with long, soft, white ciliate indumentum. Ligule brown, membranous. Leaf sheath as long as blade, dull green tending to yellow at base. Inflorescence a spike, 12 cm long, borne on peduncle up to 25 cm long. Spikelets small, 2 mm long, ovoid, green to purple-tipped, interspersed with long yellow, bristly hairs.

Graminoid; Notes: Tufted annual grass up to 1 m high when in flower. Culms basally geniculate but ascending, bright green to yellowish, nodes brown and swollen, glabrous, branched, slightly flattened, exposed along upper length. Leaf blades bright, fresh green, lanceolate, 15 - 25 cm long, up to 1 cm wide (in middle portion), narrowing and auriculate at base tapering gradually to blunt tip, expanded, margin white and scabrous due to minute setulose indumentum, both surfaces with dense, long, white indumentum, distinctly ribbed, not rigid but reflexed and limp, harsh to the touch. Ligule a narrow membranous ridge masked by dense white straight indumentum continuous on collar. Leaf sheath 50 - 60 mm, not overlapping, loosely circumculmate, distinctly ridged, yellowish green with dense, long, white mainly adpressed indumentum. Inflorescence a contracted panicle appearing spicate, up to 60 x 12 mm borne on a slender peduncle, 55 - 60 mm long. Racemes short, up to 8 mm long, verticillately arranged along axis. Spikelets ellipsoid, 1.5 - 2 mm long, alternately but irregularly arranged on axis interspersed with long, barbed, yellowish spines, up to 12 mm long. Glume thinly membranous, green, glabrous. Entire inflorescence harsh and scabrous to the touch.

50 cm high; Graminoid; Notes: Tufted and stoloniferous perennial grass, up to 50 cm high when in flower. Culms basally geniculate but steeply ascending, often rooting from lower prostrate nodes, terete, smooth, glabrous, pale green, nodes not conspicuously gibbose. Leaf blade lanceolate, 7 - 10 cm long, tapering gradually to a bluntish tip. ca. about 4 mm wide, basally slightly auriculate, dull green, margins white, thickened, minutely barbed, glabrous elsewhere. Ligule a membranous ridge a dense fringe of whitish hairs; collar with conspicuous long, white, hairs, occasionally continuous down upper margin of sheath. Leaf sheath dull green with scattered long, white indumentum but ultimately glabrescent, loosely circumculmate, basally keeled, persistent, 5 cm long. Inflorescence an open panicle, ovate in outline, 15 - 20 x 6 - 8 cm, initially ensheathed by upper leaf. Secondary axis whorled at 1 - 2 cm intervals, delicate, sinuate, spreading 1 to main axis. Spikelets paired (although often obscured due to early falling), minutely ovoid with apex acute, 1,5 x 0,5 mm, most often pendulous; stalk apically cupular, persistent. Glumes glabrous membranous, dark green. Awnless.

0.5 m high; Graminoid; Notes: Tufted to somewhat stoloniferous, perennial grass, up to 0,5 m when in flower. Culms geniculate ascending, rooting from lower nodes, glabrous, branched. Leaves basally tufted. Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, 70 x 3 - 4 mm, grey-green, margins thickened, scabrous, conspicuously hispid, mostly folded. Ligule membranous, somewhat fimbriate with long white hairs continuous on collar. Leaf sheath tightly circumculmate, overlapping basally, blue-green, glabrous but for margins, persistent. Inflorescence narrowly ovate panicle, 150 x 60 mm, 2 secondary axis whorled at 1 -2 cm intervals, ascending, slender, sinuate pedicels apically thickened. Spikelets paired, narrowly ovate, acute, 1,5 cm long, awnless, entirely deciduous.

Graminoid; Notes: Shorty-tufted, spiny, perennial grass, stoloniferous, forming over dense cover, 40 - 50 cm high when in flower. Culms erect to geniculate, rooting at nodes, slender, terete, glabrous, dull yellow-green. Leaves basal with bases persistent. Leaf blade tightly rolled, conspicuously spine-tipped, rigid and erect, grey-green, 20 - 150 mm long, slightly auriculate and yellow at base, abax. with long, white hairs especially basally also conspicuously ciliate. Ligule a narrow fringe of white hairs, 1 mm wide. Leaf sheath short, at most 40 mm long, not circumbulmate glabrous but finely ciliate along margin. Inflorescence a contracted panicle, spicate, 10 - 12 cm x 3 mm, borne on long, slender, articulated peduncle. Lateral spikes up to 1 cm long, erect against apex. Spikelets awnless, minute, 2 mm long, densely arranged, entirely deciduous.

Herb; Notes: Annual herb, hemiparasitic on grass roots, 15-20 cm high. Stems erect, unbranched, slender with dense, short, white hispid indumentum. Leaves alternate to clustered, simple, sessile; lamina narrowly ovate, apex acute, base cuneate, up to 20 x 2.5 - 3 mm, dark green (not discolouring to black upon desiccation) with extremely dense, scabrous, short, white indumentum along margins and midribs. Flowers solitary, axillary, showy, bilabiate. Petals 5, fused, scarlet, sepals 5, lanceolate, hyaline but green ribbed, persistent.

Parasite; Notes: Hemiparasite on grass roots, 30 cm high. Stem erect, much-branched with hirsute indumentum. Leaves linear, 12 x 2.5 mm, densely hirsute, sessile. Flowers solitary, axillary, bilabiate; petals mauve. Sepals 5, free, 6 x 1 mm, persistent.

Shrub; Notes: Straggling shrub. Leaves ovate, paired. Ethnobotanical Voucher specimen. Lozi: 'Mulombelombe'. Fruits used for washing.

Tree; Notes: Medium tree, 8 m high. Bark dark grey, fissured; branchlets velutinous. Leaves terminally clustered; lamina large, 150 x 65 mm, obovate, dull grey-green, densely velutinous abaxially and adaxially along venation, apex acute. Flowers past. Fruit elliptic, flattened, 75 x 35 mm, grey-brown, densely velutinous.

Graminoid; Notes: Tall, erectly tufted, perennial grass, up to 1.25 m when in flower. Culm erect to slightly geniculate at base, terete, sturdy and reed-like, green-yellow maturing to straw-coloured, striate but glabrous, nodes purple-banded with a ring of long, white, straight silky hairs. Leaf blade tightly rolled and needle-like tapering to a sharp apex, dull grey-green with scattered, long white hairs, base somewhat auriculate but not pronounced so. Ligule membranous, orange-brown, well-exerted, 3-lobed with long purplish hairs extending onto collar. Leaf sheath open and only slightly imbricate basally, yellow-green with dense long white straight indumentum (hairs with bulbous podia). Inflorescence 1(-2) - spicate racemes, up to 30 cm long (1 raceme shorter than the other), closely arranged, erect, sheath lacking. Spikelet paired; upper spikelet with awn: pale yellow, sinuate with dense white indumentum; lower spikelet awnless. Glumes green, membranous, densely pubescent. Pedicel with basal cluster of dense white bristles. Anthers 4 mm long bearing bright golden yellow pollen.

2 m high; Graminoid; Notes: Tall, tufted, perennial grass, up to 2 m high when in flower. Culm erect, rigid, reed-like, terete, unbranched, yellowish to blue-green to purplish tinted, glabrous, nodes purple-brown with fringe of dense, white, silky, ascending hairs, 4 mm long. Leaf blade inconspicuous, rolled over entire length of 20 cm, scattered white setose hairs especially along margin, stiff and hard to the touch. Ligule brown, membranous, extending as 2 projections along culm at collar conjunction with rolled lamina base, projections 1 cm long, linear. Leaf sheath grey-green, canaliculate, somewhat glaucous, practically glabrous. Inflorescence a compound panicle of digitate racemes, borne on stout peduncle up to 10 cm long glabrous. Raceme up to 25 cm long, swollen purple structure at base. Spikelets large, ellipsoid, arranged alternately, 6 x 1.5 mm. Glume green to pale purple, ribbed, pubescent. Awn long, undulate 50 mm long, basally with pinnately arranged, stiff long white bristles, apically more slender of whiplash structure, minutely setulose. Anthers large, 4 x 1 mm conspicuous, bearing golden yellow pollen.

1 m high; Graminoid; Notes: Tall, erectly tufted perennial grass, 1 m or higher when in flower. Culms erect, terete, reed-like, smooth, glabrous, straw-coloured to purplish tinted nodes dark brown-banded with conspicuous whorl of erect, long, white, straight hairs, unbranched. Leaf blades linear, up to 65 cm long, tightly rolled, tapering to an extremely fine, whip-like apex, grey-green, glabrous base conspicuously auriculate with collar developed into 2 narrow, elongate projections. Ligule an inconspicuous brown membranous ridge, glabrous. Leaf sheath tightly circumculmate over entire length, up to 30 cm long, grey-green to purplish tinted, shallowly canaliculate, glabrous, persistent and woody at base around rhizome. Inflorescence a panicle, flabelliform in outline, 250 x 80 mm, borne on sturdy, often contorted, spathed peduncle. Racemes 20 cm x 7 - 8 mm, arranged closely and digitately not rigid, most often reflexed, axis clearly articulated, marked by banding and hair whorls. Spikelets paired, narrowly ovate, 7 - 8x 1 - 2 mm, each subtended by a dense whorl of long white hairs. Glumes membranous pale to dark green to purple-tinted, densely pubescent, 7-veined black-pitted. Lower flower with aristate apex; upper flower conspicuously awned. Awn extremely long, up to 7.5 cm long, rigid, whip-like, contorted, densely pubescent, basally yellow-brown. Anthers large, up to 3 mm long, apically exerted. Stigma branches laterally exerted.

Graminoid; Notes: Basally tufted annual grass, up to 35 cm high when in flower. Culms basally geniculate and prostrate, rooting from lower nodes, otherwise ascending to bear inflorescence, terete, smooth, glabrous, yellow-green to straw-coloured, nodes purple-black-banded, exposed esp. apically, branched. Leaf blades shortly lanceolate, at most 5 cm long , but usually shorter, gradually tapering to form a bluntish apex, broadest at base ( 4 mm), base auriculate, margin white, thickened bearing conspicuous long, white, straight to falcate, bulbous-based setaceous hairs, both surfaces bright green, shallowly canaliculate, glabrous but scabrous to the tough. Ligule a membranous ridge bearing a fringe of short white hairs, scattered long, white hairs on collar region. Leaf sheath tightly circumculmate, imbricate over entire length not overlapping, canaliculate, glabrous, 2 cm long. Inflorescence spicate raceme, 7 - 12 cm x 5 mm. Spathulate in outline, basally subtended by upper leaf. Spikelets densely arranged along axis, ovoid, 1,5 x 1 mm, paired, 2-flowered. Glumes green to purple-tinted, margins and adax. Surface prominently spiny, awnless, but apex aristate, entirely deciduous.

Tree; Notes: Tree up to 5 m high. Bark pale grey, young branchlets densely tomentose. Leaves alternate, simple; petiole up to 15 mm long, densely tomentose; lamina ovate, 55 x 30 mm, apex acute, base markedly oblique, conspicuously 3-veined, margin denticulate, olive-green with minute, short, white adpressed indumentum to glabrate. Prickles paired, 1 straight 1 falcate. Flowers in axillary clusters, small, 3 mm in diameter. Fruit a berry, globose, 4 mm in diameter, style and perianth persistent.

Tree; Notes: Densely branched small tree, armed. Sterile: ethnobotanical voucher specimen. Muchalo (Lozi, Sisubiya) Munganga. Fruits eaten by children. Xaro (Kwe): fruits crushed, placed in water for sore teeth.